China has recently been engaged in the serious persecution of Christians in the nation. The Catholic Church is one of her main targets, as the Chinese government wants to illegally appoint bishops within the Church. This is a highly serious matter, and Pope Francis has set a course of action to allow for this to happen. In exchange, the Chinese have responded by intensifying their persecutions to the point that Chinese Catholics fear “this is only the beginning”:
A government sign outside a Catholic church in central China warns that children are not allowed to attend mass. “Illegal” churches are being bulldozed. Priests are handing over personal information about their flocks to authorities.
Roman Catholics in Henan province are running out of space to worship as the atheist Communist government steps up a campaign to “Sinicize” religions and demolishes old neighbourhoods to make way for development projects.
The campaign has intensified even as the Vatican and Beijing, which severed ties in 1951, are reportedly close to resolving a longstanding dispute over who gets to appoint bishops.
The standoff has split China’s roughly 12 million Catholics between those who follow government-approved prelates and those in “underground” pro-Rome churches.
A tattered poster of Jesus and a few wooden pews beneath bricks and broken planks are the only evidence that a church once stood in Puyang city before it was deemed an “illegal construction”.
Liu Xueshang, a weathered old farmer who spent his life savings to help build it, searched fruitlessly through the fallen branches of the church’s crushed pomegranate trees for its cross.
“The church here is now facing a terrible future. We have nowhere to worship and don’t know what we’ll do,” said Liu.
Elsewhere in the province, nearly two dozen worshippers and clergymen interviewed by AFP detailed unprecedented measures imposed this year under new religious regulations.
Crosses have been removed from church tops, printed religious materials and holy items confiscated, and church-run kindergartens closed.
Churches have been required to display the national flag and constitution but take down religious imagery from public-facing spaces.
In recent months, minors, college students and even infants have been barred from entering all church premises.
On a recent Sunday at the officially-sanctioned Cathedral of the Sacred Heart in Anyang, an official from the State Administration for Religious Affairs said she came to “inspect” as 800 people attended mass.
“Catholicism is not native to China,” she said.
And in Zhifang village south of Puyang, authorities welded shut the entrance of a kindergarten in a church’s courtyard.
The school was shuttered because “they want to prevent any cases of the church being involved in education”, said a village leader who declined to give his name.
Churches have also been told to hand over detailed information about each of their members, including their finances and ties to “foreign influences”, according to paperwork seen by AFP.
One senior priest who requested anonymity said the data would be used to set up an online religious management system and monitoring app.
Divulging the personal details of churchgoers has been “a huge emotional burden on our clergy, who see it as a sin,” he said, stating that guilt-ridden priests have come to him in tears.
Most of the new measures were developed to rein in Protestantism, which authorities believe has been growing “too quickly” in Henan, he cited officials as saying, although Catholics are finding themselves targets too.
Many Catholics in Henan, in eastern China, are paying close attention to the negotiations between Beijing and the Vatican.
“We hope the religion problems can be solved, we have the same faith, we want stability, we want to unite,” an underground church member said.
Vatican spokesman Greg Burke said in a brief statement to AFP that “the dialogue between the Holy See and the People’s Republic of China continues”.
The Henan and national religious affairs bureaus did not answer requests for comment.
The crackdown in the province is amplified by the razing of old districts where most churches are located to make way for development projects.
The rubble of the Puyang church lies in a construction site for high-rise apartments.
The decades-old church was built with official permission and had a license to operate, but authorities abruptly declared it illegal a few months ago, said Liu, the farmer and local village leader.
Without warning, bulldozers tore it down one night.
“The next day, all the old church members came and sat here, weeping,” he said.
A meagre compensation was not enough to secure a new place.
Anthony Lam, a Chinese Catholic church expert at Hong Kong’s Holy Spirit Study Centre, said urban development is being “used as an excuse to demolish churches”.
“JUST THE BEGINNING”
Desperate underground priests have approached state-sanctioned colleagues for help to secure a place of worship in exchange for nominal oversight.
A state-approved priest said the urbanisation and demolitions mean “the space in which the underground can exist is getting smaller and smaller”.
“We’re speaking with the underground now – so as to protect them, not control them. This allows the government to know we’re monitoring them. This is our innovation in Henan.”
Many priests fear the restrictions will spread elsewhere in China.
“For many years, our feeling has been that Henan is an area of experimentation for the central government,” said a senior clergyman with close ties to the government.
“We think this is just the beginning.” (source)
The issue of bishops being appointed by governments has always been a problem in Christian history, and it is a direct extension of the struggles with nationalism. In short, the question becomes “What is the role of the Church in relationship to the government?”, and the answer provided by the Church is that She partakes of both the government and the people, referred to as the “first” and “third” estates, but also remains independent of them. In this sense the Church, known as the “second” estate, functions similar to a mortar that binds the “bricks” of society, as represented by the government and the people, together while also separating them and keeping them from directly “pressing” on each other.
One of the most important studies in this distinction is the Investiture Controversy from the 11th century and ended with the Concordat of Worms, which was one of the precursor stages to the Avignon crisis of the 14th century. For centuries, the various kings and emperors of Europe desired to control the Church for their own political ends and to reduce her to essentially a vassal of their temporal domains, which is a problem no different than that which is faced in modern times. The Concordat of Worms was an attempt to control and theoretically, declare that the Church appoints her own bishops and clerics without the interference of the government.
The Protestant revolution in Germany and throughout Northern Europe was an extension of this conflict, as its purpose was not about theological matters in essence but one of power, for the revolution reduced the Church to the state of being a “echo chamber” for the government, which had the direct effect of equivocating objective morality with the contemporary social ethos. In such a case, the Church inevitably becomes a social club as one of other clubs given equal social importance that reflect the particular ethnic, geographic, and historical constitution of the people who partake of them, making her just another outlet for the very tribalism that Christ opposed.
The Chinese government wants to control the Church for the same reasons that Emperor Henry IV in 1076 wanted to control the Church, and in this sense nothing has changed. However, what has happened is that the Church now has, instead of attempting to oppose the government, as previous popes had done, has submitted to the government’s demands and in response the government is now using her newly-realized “power” to try to control the Church even more, and with the clear aim of destroying her.
Shoebat.com has warned that the Church in Rome might face punishment from the Germans and the Turks, two historical scourges that have come against her for her sins in the past, because of the sins being committed today. Curiously, the Japanese are also a historical scourge against the Chinese, and are likewise re-militarizing and pose an existential threat to the Chinese, coming at the same time that China is engaging in a massive persecution of Christians.
This is not to say that any of these actors are good, but rather to say that those alive today are living in interesting times.